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Understanding Brain Tumours in Aotearoa

Brain tumours are a serious health concern, impacting individuals and families across New Zealand. These growths, caused by abnormal cell development within the brain, can be challenging to diagnose and treat. While the precise causes remain largely unknown, significant research is underway to better understand the risk factors and potential triggers. This article delves into the current understanding of brain tumours in the New Zealand context, exploring known risk factors, common types, and identifying groups who may be more vulnerable.

What Causes Brain Tumours? Unraveling the Mystery

It's important to acknowledge that there's no single, definitive answer to what causes brain tumours. However, scientists believe a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices may play a role. Here's a breakdown:

• Genetics: A family history of brain tumours can slightly increase your risk. While most brain tumours aren't directly inherited, certain genetic syndromes are linked to a higher chance of developing them.
• Radiation Exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, has been linked to an increased risk. This can include radiation therapy for other cancers.
• Environmental Factors: Research is ongoing to investigate potential links between environmental toxins and brain tumour development. However, conclusive evidence remains elusive.
• Age: The risk of developing certain types of brain tumours increases with age.

5 Types of People More Vulnerable to Brain Tumours

While anyone can develop a brain tumour, certain groups face a higher risk. Here are five categories to be aware of:

1. Individuals with a Family History: As mentioned, a family history of brain tumours, particularly in close relatives, warrants increased vigilance.
2. Children: Children are more likely to develop specific types of brain tumours, such as medulloblastomas and astrocytomas. Early detection is crucial for improved outcomes.
3. People with Certain Genetic Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Turcot syndrome are just a few genetic conditions linked to an elevated risk of brain tumours.
4. Those with Previous Radiation Exposure: Individuals who have undergone radiation therapy to the head or neck area should be aware of a slightly increased risk.
5. Older Adults: The risk of developing glioblastomas and meningiomas, common types of brain tumours, increases with age.

Common Types of Brain Tumours

Brain tumours are categorized as either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Here are a few common types:

• Gliomas: These are the most common type, arising from glial cells that support brain function.
• Meningiomas: These tumours develop from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Medulloblastomas: Primarily found in children, these are malignant tumours that develop in the cerebellum.
• Pituitary Adenomas: These benign tumours arise in the pituitary gland, affecting hormone production.

Looking Ahead: Research and Support in New Zealand

Ongoing research in New Zealand and internationally is focused on identifying new risk factors, developing more effective treatments, and improving the quality of life for individuals affected by brain tumours. Organisations like the Brain Tumour Trust New Zealand provide invaluable support, information, and resources for patients, families, and caregivers. If you have concerns about brain tumours, consult with your doctor for personalized advice and screening recommendations.